science world

                     1.     Toll like receptor are a type of receptor of inmate immunity. 2.     They are also known as pattern recognition protein because they can recognise a specific pattern associated with pathogen which are known as pathogen associated molecular pattern. 3.     This type of receptors is not generated by VI-VDI recombination like TCR and BCR. 4.     It recognises following type of pattern associated with pathogen. Example: - Toll like receptor Pattern associated mol. pattern TLR-2 Cell wall compound of Gram-positive bacteria, LPS and yeast cell wall component. TLR-3 ds RNA TLR-4 LPS TLR-5 Flagellin Disease associated with TLR (TLR-4) septic shock syndrome: - 1.     The specific shock syndrome generally results from LPS release from ma...

1.     G-protein coupled receptor are type of receptor are types of receptor present on different kind of cell, this receptor have complex G-protein associated with its cytoplasmic tail. 2.     G- protein receptor, are the protein which have the ability to exchange from GDP to GTP 3.     Most of the G-protein are in active from when they are bound to GTP and inactive when they are bound to GDP. 4.     One of the examples of such G-protein couple is epinaflen. 5.     In this case there is a receptor for epinaflene on the cell surface and a complex of there G- protein at cytoplasmic region. 6.     This protein are α, β, γ, G-protein. 7.     When signal molecule binds to the receptor the α G-protein dissociate from β and γ with the exchange of GDP-GTP. 8.     This dissociated GTP bound α-G protein then binds to mem-bound enzyme adenylate cyclase. 9.  ...

Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. -Pharmacogenomics is the study how an individual genetic inheritance affected the body response to the drug. -Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational drug with respect to patients genotype to ensure maximum efficiency with minimal adverse effect. -Taking into account the variability in the drug response from person to person, pharma-cogenesis ends at one drug for each individual [one drug for a group of persons with similar properties i.e. identical agent] -Therefore, a better effect of the drug will be achieve preventing the adverse drug reaction. Traditional drug designing ends at one for all approaches and the does depend on majority an age factor i.e low dose for young once and high dose for adults. -But such problem can be illuminated by one person is equal to one drug approaches. Four Steps in Pharmacokinetics [ADME] 1.     Absorption. 2.     Distr...